Understanding fluid behavior necessitates distinguishing between predictable movement and turbulence . Steady flow implies uniform speed at each point within the gas, while turbulence represents chaotic and unpredictable patterns . The equation of continuity expresses the conservation of mass – e

The unique characteristics of alcohols stem directly from the presence of hydrogen bonding. This strong intermolecular force arises from the electronegativity of the oxygen-hydrogen group (-OH). The highly reactive oxygen atom pulls electrons towards itself, creating a partial negative charge (δ-